Courtship and Mating in Calumma oshaughnessyi

Calumma oshaughnessyi, or O'Shaughnessy's chameleon, is found exclusively in the eastern rainforests of Madagascar. This species typically measures between 20 and 25 cm in length and exhibits colour variations from yellow, green to blue, often adorned white and blur spots. Mating males can have head coloured white or red. Breeding occurs during the wet season, with females laying 10 to 15 eggs in leaf litter. Due to habitat destruction from deforestation and agricultural expansion, the species is facing increasing conservation challenges, highlighting the need for effective habitat protection measures in Madagascar's eastern forests.

Chameleon courtship and mating are fascinating processes characterized by visual displays and specific behaviors that help establish pair bonds. During courtship, male chameleons attract females by exhibiting vibrant color changes, which can signal their health and vitality. This display often includes elaborate movements such as head bobbing, body inflation, and posturing to demonstrate dominance and appeal.

When a female is receptive, she may change her coloration in response. Mating typically follows after a few days of courtship, with the male grasping the female from behind to align their cloacas for copulation. This alignment is crucial for sperm transfer.

Post-mating, the female seeks a suitable location to lay her eggs, usually in warm, moist soil or leaf litter. Clutch sizes vary widely among species, commonly ranging from 2 to over hundred eggs. The incubation period can last 6 months and more, depending on environmental conditions, ultimately leading to the hatching of juvenile chameleons.