Brookesia decaryi: The Enigmatic Spiny Leaf Chameleon

Brookesia decaryi, commonly referred to as the spiny leaf chameleon or Decary's leaf chameleon, is a captivating species endemic to Madagascar. Initially described by Fernand Angel in 1939, this small reptile belongs to the Chamaeleonidae family and is noted for its distinctive appearance and behavior.

Habitat and Distribution

Brookesia decaryi is exclusively found in the dry forests of northwest Madagascar, particularly in Ankarafantsika National Park. This species thrives at elevations below 200 meters (660 feet) above sea level, occupying an area of roughly 1,300 square kilometers (500 square miles). The dry forest environment offers the essential conditions for the survival of this chameleon, although it faces substantial threats from habitat destruction due to wood extraction, fires, agriculture, and livestock grazing.

Physical Characteristics

Among leaf chameleons, Brookesia decaryi is considered relatively large, reaching a total length of about 8 centimeters (3.1 inches). Its body features a row of ten spiny scales along its back, extending onto part of the tail. The coloration of this chameleon usually includes a light beige upper body, complemented by darker hues on the belly, throat, eyes, and legs. Some individuals may also display a dark stripe along their back.

Behavior and Lifestyle

Brookesia decaryi is diurnal, remaining active during daylight hours and resting at night. It typically sleeps at an average height of 0.17 meters (0.56 feet) on small plants, fallen logs, and minor trees. This behavior helps the chameleon camouflage effectively within its environment and evade predators.

Reproduction

The reproductive behaviors of Brookesia decaryi are not extensively studied, but it is recognized as oviparous, laying clutches of two to five eggs. These eggs are generally deposited in concealed places to safeguard them from predators and environmental dangers.

Conservation Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies Brookesia decaryi as an endangered species. Its population is thought to be declining due to habitat loss and other human-related factors. Although it is protected under Malagasy law, collecting specimens within protected regions such as Ankarafantsika National Park is prohibited.